About Accessing Content
The vast majority of the links listed below go directly to the source of the content detailed and are free to access. In the small minority of cases where this isn't the case you may wish to consider using the Sci-Hub Website. Details of Sci-Hub can be found on WikipediA by following the link below:
For independent videos about Sci-Hub see the following links:
Understanding research
- For a video that explains how to go about researching a subject see the following link:
- For an article that explains how to read a research paper see the following link:
- For a long video that explains how medical research is undertaken, how the results are published and how to interpret them see the following link:
- https://youtu.be/Vnzodlb8rzE?feature=shared
- Two key slides from the video are shown below:
- For the audio video referred to in this video that provides additional context see the following link:
- For a long video where two different research papers are worked through, analysed and discussed in detail see the following link:
- For a long video discussion with a science writer about bad science see the following link:
- For a video about pseudoscience see the following link:
- For access to a free clear overview of the fundamentals of clinical research see the following link. A link to download the document is emailed to you once and email address has been supplied and confirmed:
- For a video about how risks can be conveyed in different ways (in the context of taking Statins) see the following link:
- For videos about understanding risk and evidence see the following link to a great YouTube channel:
- For a video with lots of examples (in the context of Covid-19) of where the publication and interpretation of scientific research has gone wrong see the following link:
- For a video (with a climate change context) which explains scientific complexity and how it can be summarised see the following link:
- For a video that explains the value and role of observational research see the following link:
- For a discussion video about the role of different types of evidence in evidence based medicine see the following link:
- For an article (from which the below diagram is copied) that considers the evidence pyramid see the following link:
Fitness and weight references
Fat burning references
- Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercise
- Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
- Robert Ross, et al.
- www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000461#
- Exercise Standards for Testing and Training - A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
- Gerald F. Fletcher, et al.
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0b013e31829b5b44
- Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction by Heavy Physical Exertion -- Protection against Triggering by Regular Exertion
- Murray A. Mittleman, et al.
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199312023292301
- Walking Pace Is Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
- Exercise - the Miracle Cure
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges
- http://www.aomrc.org.uk/reports-guidance/exercise-the-miracle-cure-0215/
- Exercise is the Real Polypill
- Carmen Fiuza-Luces, et al.
- https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/physiol.00019.2013
- Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and All‐Cause Mortality: Do Bouts Matter?
- Pedro F. Saint‐Maurice, et al.
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.117.007678
- Physical Activity Patterns and Mortality. The Weekend Warrior and Activity Bouts
- No Evidence of an Upper Threshold for Mortality Benefit at High Levels of Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- David I. Feldman, et al.
- http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/65/6/629
- Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Long-term Mortality Among Adults Undergoing Exercise Treadmill Testing
- Kyle Mandsager, et al.
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2707428
- Refuting the myth of non‐response to exercise training: ‘non‐responders’ do respond to higher dose of training
- David Montero, et al
- https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/JP273480
- Reversing the Cardiac Effects of Sedentary Aging in Middle Age—A Randomized Controlled Trial - Implications For Heart Failure Prevention
- Erin J. Howden, et al.
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030617
- Concepts About V˙O2max and Trainability Are Context Dependent
- Moderate or Vigorous Intensity Exercise: Which Is Better for Improving Aerobic Fitness
- Accumulation of Moderate‐to‐Vigorous Physical Activity and All‐Cause Mortality
- Deborah Rohm Young, et al.
- www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.118.008929
- The Effects of High Intensity Interval Training vs Steady State Training on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity
- Carl Foster, et al.
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4657417/#!po=0.359712
- Researchers Find Heart Rate Worth a Thousand Words
- Heart-Rate Recovery Immediately after Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality
- Christopher R. Cole, et al.
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199910283411804
- How fast is fast enough? Walking cadence (steps/min) as a practical estimate of intensity in adults: a narrative review
- Catrine Tudor-Locke, et al.
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/52/12/776
- Change in Body Mass Index Associated With Lowest Mortality in Denmark, 1976-2013
- Shoaib Afzal, et al.
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2520627
- Potential Effects of Replacing Sedentary Time With Short Sedentary Bouts or Physical Activity on Mortality: A National Cohort Study
- Associations of Resistance Exercise with Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity and Mortality
- Extreme events reveal an alimentary limit on sustained maximal human energy expenditure
- Caitlin Thurber, et al.
- https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/6/eaaw0341
- Sun-Dried Raisins are a Cost-Effective Alternative to Sports Jelly Beans in Prolonged Cycling
- Rietschier, Helena L, et al.
- https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2011/11000/Sun_Dried_Raisins_are_a_Cost_Effective_Alternative.29.aspx
- The Interaction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Disease
- Ahmet AfşinOktay, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0033062017300646
- Beneficial associations of low and large doses of leisure time physical activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: a national cohort study of 88,140 US adults
- Min Zhao, et al.
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/02/26/bjsports-2018-099254
- Domains of physical activity and all-cause mortality: systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort studies
- Guenther Samitz, et al.
- https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/40/5/1382/658632
- Rehydration Strategies - Balancing Substrate, Fluid, and Electrolyte Provision
- Nutrition and Athletic Performance
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND), Dietitians of Canada (DC), et al.
- https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2016/03000/Nutrition_and_Athletic_Performance.25.aspx
- Branched-chain amino acid supplementation attenuates muscle soreness, muscle damage and inflammation during an intensive training program
- The Effects of Ingestion of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Perceived Pain and External Symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Untrained Men
- Is running associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and is the more the better? A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Zeljko Pedisic, et al.
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2019/09/25/bjsports-2018-100493
- Effect of Alternate-Day Fasting on Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Cardioprotection Among Metabolically Healthy Obese Adults - A Randomized Clinical Trial.
- John F. Trepanowski, et al.
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2623528
- Vinegar Intake Reduces Body Weight, Body Fat Mass, and Serum Triglyceride Levels in Obese Japanese Subjects
- Effect of garlic powder consumption on body composition in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- The effects of Nigella sativa L. on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- NazliNamazi, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874117336371
- Effect of cumin powder on body composition and lipid profile in overweight and obese women
- RoghayehZare, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1744388114000668?via%3Dihub
- Acute Effects of Capsaicin on Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation in Negative Energy Balance
- Pilou L. H. R. Janssens, et al.
- https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0067786
- The effects of ginger intake on weight loss and metabolic profiles among overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Najmeh Maharlouei, et al.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2018.1427044
- Body weight loss, reduced urge for palatable food and increased release of GLP-1 through daily supplementation with green-plant membranes for three months in overweight women
- Caroline Montelius, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666314003493?via%3Dihub
- The effect of flaxseed supplementation on body weight and body composition: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 45 randomized placebo‐controlled trials
- M. Mohammadi‐Sartang
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/obr.12550#
- Salba-chia (Salvia hispanica L.) in the treatment of overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
- Pedal-Assist Mountain Bikes: A Pilot Study Comparison of the Exercise Response, Perceptions, and Beliefs of Experienced Mountain Bikers
- Cougar Hall, et al.
- https://formative.jmir.org/2019/3/e13643/
- Association among Physical Activity Level, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Risk of Musculoskeletal Injury
- Jennifer M. Hootman, et al.
- https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/154/3/251/125870
- Lactate Threshold Concepts
- Oliver Faude, et al.
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165%2F00007256-200939060-00003
- The pH of beverages in the United States
- Comparison of Nutrient Density and Nutrient-to-Cost Between Cooked and Canned Beans
- Michael Zanovec, et al.
- https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?paperID=4521
- Caffeine and Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise: A Meta-Analysis
- Mark Glaister and Conor Gissane
- https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/13/4/article-p402.xml
- The Challenge of Stratifying Obesity: Attempts in the Quebec Family Study
- Juan de Toro-Martin, et al.
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2019.00994/full
- Variation in the human immune system is largely driven by non-heritable influences
- Petter Brodin, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4302727/
- Association of Daily Step Count and Step Intensity With Mortality Among US Adults
- Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, et al.
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2763292
- Habitual tub bathing and risks of incident coronary heart disease and stroke
- Tomohiko Ukai, et al.
- https://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2020/03/03/heartjnl-2019-315752.full
- The effect of caffeine on energy balance
- Eynav Harpaz, et al.
- https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/jbcpp/28/1/article-p1.xml
- Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels
- Measured Maximal Heart Rates Compared to Commonly Used Age-Based Prediction Equations in the Heritage Family Study
- M.A. SARZYNSKI, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935487/
- Optimising foods for satiety
- LucyChambers, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224414002386
- Injuries sustained during high intensity interval training: are modern fitness trends contributing to increased injury rates?
- Nicole D. RYNECKI, et al.
- https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/sports-med-physical-fitness/article.php?cod=R40Y2019N07A1206
- Comparison of dietary macronutrient patterns of 14 popular named dietary programmes for weight and cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised trials
- Long Ge, et al.
- https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m696
- Can exercise affect immune function to increase susceptibility to infection?
- Simpson RJ, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32139352
- Alcohol and the Immune System
- Dipak Sarkar, et al.
- https://www.arcr.niaaa.nih.gov/arcr372/toc37_2.htm
- Incidence and determinants of lower extremity running injuries in long distance runners: a systematic review
- R N van Gent, et al.
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/41/8/469
- 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report
- Energy Drinks and Caffeine-Related Adverse Effects
- Kent A. Sepkowitz
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1487123
- Effects of food form and timing of ingestion on appetite and energy intake in lean and obese young adults
- Mattes RD, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680008/
- American Cancer Society Guideline for Diet and Physical Activity for cancer prevention
- Cheryl L. Rock, et al
- https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21591
- Recommended physical activity and all cause and cause specific mortality in US adults: prospective cohort study
- Min Zhao, et all
- https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m2031
- Does Fish Oil Have an Anti-Obesity Effect in Overweight/Obese Adults? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Psychological Responses to Acute Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise in Healthy and Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review
- Thomas J Elkington, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5404906/
- Cognitive and behavioural strategies for weight management in overweight adults: Results from the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviours (OxFAB) cohort study
- Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, et al.
- https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0202072
- Fermented kimchi reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight and obese patients
- Eun Kyoung Kim, et al.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S027153171100114X
- Personalized Nutrition by Prediction of Glycemic Responses
- Human postprandial responses to food and potential for precision nutrition
- Sarah E. Berry, et al.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0934-0
- Association of BMI with overall and cause-specific mortality: a population-based cohort study of 3·6 million adults in the UK
- Krishnan Bhaskaran, et al.
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(18)30288-2/fulltext
- Central cardiovascular system limits to aerobic capacity
- Michael J. Joyner, et al.
- https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/EP088187
- Prediction Equations Overestimate the Energy Requirements More for Obesity-Susceptible Individuals
- Rebecca T. McLay-Cooke, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/9/1012/htm
- Energy Expenditure and Aging
- Todd M. Manini
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2818133/
- Evidence-Based Resistance Training Recommendations
- Investigation of Cognitive Improvement in Alcohol-Dependent Inpatients Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Score
- Stéphanie Pelletier, et al.
- https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jad/2016/1539096/
- Exercise and the Timing of Snack Choice: Healthy Snack Choice is Reduced in the Post-Exercise State
- Christopher R. Gustafson, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/12/1941/htm
- Aerobic Exercise for Alcohol Recovery: Rationale, Program Description, and Preliminary Findings
- Richard A. Brown, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829243/
- Combined associations of body mass index and adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A cohort study
- Karl Michaëlsson, et al.
- https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003331
- Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance - Formulations for Military Operations
- Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Military Nutrition Research.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK223802/
- The effect of exercise interventions on resting metabolic rate: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Kristen MacKenzie-Shalders, et al.
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02640414.2020.1754716
- Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies
- Ahmad Jayedi, et al.
- https://www.bmj.com/content/370/bmj.m3324
- Body-mass index and all-cause mortality: individual-participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents
- The Global BMI Mortality Collaboration
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30175-1/fulltext
- BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants
- Dagfinn Aune, et al.
- https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i2156
- A systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effects of exercise training versus hypocaloric diet: distinct effects on body weight and visceral adipose tissue
- R. J. H. M. Verheggen, et al.
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/obr.12406
- Application of non-HDL cholesterol for population-based cardiovascular risk stratification: results from the Multinational Cardiovascular Risk Consortium
- The science of exercise prescription: Martti Karvonen and his contributions
- Maya Ignaszewski, et al.
- https://bcmj.org/articles/science-exercise-prescription-martti-karvonen-and-his-contributions
- Absolute and Body Mass Index Normalized Handgrip Strength Percentiles by Gender, Ethnicity, and Hand Dominance in Americans
- Ryan McGrath, et al.
- https://agmr.hapres.com/htmls/AGMR_1159_Detail.html#sec0
- Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study
- Darryl P Leong, et al.
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)62000-6/fulltext#%20
- Physical activity, genes, and lifetime predisposition to chronic disease
- Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training on cardiovascular health in aged men
- Lasse Gliemann, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810808/
- 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
- The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH)
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/33/3021/5079119
- Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases
- Goran Bjelakovic, et al.
- https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007176.pub2/full
- Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators
- https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(18)31310-2/fulltext
- Flavonoid intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
- Youngyo Kim, et al.
- https://clinicalnutritionespen.com/article/S2405-4577(16)30271-6/fulltext
- Indoor Air Pollution from Residential Stoves: Examining the Flooding of Particulate Matter into Homes during Real-World Use
- Rohit Chakraborty, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/12/1326/htm
- The relationship between oxygen uptake reserve and heart rate reserve is affected by intensity and duration during aerobic exercise at constant work rate
- Alcohol consumption, cardiac biomarkers, and risk of atrial fibrillation and adverse outcomes
- Lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation according to optimal, borderline, or elevated levels of risk factors: cohort study based on longitudinal data from the Framingham Heart Study
- Laila Staerk, et al.
- https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k1453
- Clinical course of atrial fibrillation in older adults: the importance of cardiovascular events beyond stroke
- Jonathan P. Piccini, et al.
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/35/4/250/466888
- Accelerometer measured physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from the UK Biobank cohort study
- Simultaneous Determination of 6-Shogaol and 6-Gingerol in Various Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extracts and Commercial Formulations Using a Green RP-HPTLC-Densitometry Method
- Ahmed I. Foudah, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/9/8/1136/htm
- The Effects of Montmorency Tart Cherry Concentrate Supplementation on Recovery Following Prolonged, Intermittent Exercise
- Phillip G. Bell, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/7/441/htm
- Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality: Results From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies
- Dong D. Wang, et al.
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048996
- Meat consumption and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in 475,000 men and women in the UK Biobank study
- Keren Papier, et al.
- https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-01922-9
- Elevated resting heart rate, physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a 16-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study
- Magnus Thorsten Jensen, et al.
- https://heart.bmj.com/content/99/12/882
- Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
- Asmaa S Abdelhamid, et al.
- https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003177.pub5/full
- Uric Acid and Plant-Based Nutrition
- Boštjan Jakše, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/8/1736/htm
- Special Issue "Plant Food, Nutrition and Human Health"
- Systematic Review on Polyphenol Intake and Health Outcomes: Is there Sufficient Evidence to Define a Health-Promoting Polyphenol-Rich Dietary Pattern?
- Cristian Del Bo’, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/6/1355/htm
- A Strategy to Deliver Precise Oral Doses of the Glucosinolates or Isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera Leaves for Use in Clinical Studies
- Jed W. Fahey, et al.
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/7/1547
- Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators
- https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(19)30041-8/fulltext
- Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a Consensus Statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity
- Robert Ross,et al.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41574-019-0310-7
- The economic burden of physical inactivity: a global analysis of major non-communicable diseases
- Direct healthcare costs of sedentary behaviour in the UK
- Leonie Heron, et al.
- https://jech.bmj.com/content/73/7/625
- Loss-of-function mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor in a UK birth cohort
- Kaitlin H Wade, et al.
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-021-01349-y
- Daily energy expenditure through the human life course
- Herman Pontzer, et al.
- https://science.sciencemag.org/content/373/6556/808
- Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis
- The Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00590-0/fulltext
- What proportion of symptomatic side effects in patients taking statins are genuinely caused by the drug? Systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials to aid individual patient choice
- Judith A Finegold, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/article/21/4/464/5926070
- Phytochemicals: Do they belong on our plate for sustaining healthspan?
- Jed W. Fahey, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fft2.81
- Salt reduction to prevent hypertension: the reasons of the controversy
- Nitrates, Nitrites and Nitrosamines from Processed Meat Intake and ColorectalCancer Risk
- Effects of blood triglycerides on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 61 prospective studies
- Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Adult Patients With Existing Cardiovascular Disease
- Ultra-Processed Diets Cause Excess Calorie Intake and Weight Gain: An Inpatient Randomized Controlled Trial of Ad Libitum Food Intake
- Consumption of sucrose-sweetened soft drinks increases plasma levels of uric acid in overweight and obese subjects: a 6-month randomised controlled trial
- J M Bruun, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn201595
- Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: a 6-mo randomized intervention study
- Maria Maersk, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/95/2/283/4576708
- Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease
- E. E. Blaak, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.01011.x
- Traditionally living populations in East Africa have a mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 115 nmol/l
- Covid-19: Upgrading to FFP3 respirators cuts infection risk, research finds
- Jacqui Wise
- https://www.bmj.com/content/373/bmj.n1663
- One year in review 2020: gout
- L. Punzi, et al
- https://www.clinexprheumatol.org/abstract.asp?a=16423
- Erythrocyte long-chain omega-3 fatty acid levels are inversely associated with mortality and with incident cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study
- William S. Harris, et al
- https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874(18)30061-8/fulltext#%20
- Effect of Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
- Does a physically active lifestyle attenuate the association between alcohol consumption and mortality risk? Findings from the UK biobank
- Caffeine, CYP1A2 Genotype, and Endurance Performance in Athletes
- Exercise reduces circulating biomarkers of cellular senescence in humans
- Davis A. Englund, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acel.13415
- Estimating impact of food choices on life expectancy: A modeling study
- Lars T. Fadnes, et al
- https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1003889
- Estimated Number of Deaths Prevented Through Increased Physical Activity Among US Adults
- Pedro F. Saint-Maurice, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2788473
- A Biomarker-based Biological Age in UK Biobank: Composition and Prediction of Mortality and Hospital Admissions
- Mei Sum Chan, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/biomedgerontology/article/76/7/1295/6161283
- Adult height and risk of 50 diseases: a combined epidemiological and genetic analysis
- Florence Y. Lai, et al
- https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-018-1175-7
- Two separate, large cohorts reveal potential modifiers of age-associated variation in visual reaction time performance
- J. S. Talboom, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-021-00067-6
- A tool for translating polygenic scores onto the absolute scale using summary statistics
- Oliver Pain, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-021-01028-z
- Continuous Glucose Profiles in Healthy Subjects under Everyday Life Conditions and after Different Meals
- Guido Freckmann, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769652/
- Molecular Properties of Red Wine Compounds and Cardiometabolic Benefits
- Melissa M. Markoski, et al
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.4137/NMI.S32909
- Leisure Time Physical Activity of Moderate to Vigorous Intensity and Mortality: A Large Pooled Cohort Analysis
- Steven C. Moore, et al
- https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001335
- Applying Personal Genetic Data to Injury Risk Assessment in Athletes
- Gabrielle T. Goodlin, et al
- https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122676
- Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
- Haruki Momma, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2022/01/19/bjsports-2021-105061
- Nighttime sleep duration, 24-hour sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
- Xiaoli Shen, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/srep21480#Abs1
- Polygenic mechanisms underpinning the response to exercise-induced muscle damage in humans: In vivo and in vitro evidence
- Philipp Baumert, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcp.30723
- Dietary Sources and Bioactivities of Melatonin
- Xiao Men, et al
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/4/367/htm
- Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Sebastien F. M. Chastin
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1
- Combined Vitamin D, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and a Simple Home Exercise Program May Reduce Cancer Risk Among Active Adults Aged 70 and Older: A Randomized Clinical Trial
- Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, et al
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fragi.2022.852643/full
- DO-HEALTH: Vitamin D3 - Omega-3 - Home exercise - Healthy aging and longevity trial - Design of a multinational clinical trial on healthy aging among European seniors
- Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, et al
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1551714420302020
- An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan
- Morgan E. Levine, et al
- https://www.aging-us.com/article/101414/text
- The Optimal Range of Serum Uric Acid for Cardiometabolic Diseases: A 5-Year Japanese Cohort Study
- Masanari Kuwabara, et al
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/4/942/htm
- A multi-population phenome-wide association study of genetically-predicted height in the Million Veteran Program
- Sridharan Raghavan,et al
- https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1010193
- Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses
- Chia C. Wang, et al
- https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abd9149#
- Successful 10 second one legged stance performance predicts survival in middle-aged and older individuals
- Claudio Gil Araujo, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2022/06/22/bjsports-2021-105360
- Epidemiology of Sarcopenia: Determinants Throughout the Lifecourse
- S. C. Shaw, et al
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00223-017-0277-0
- Feeding mitochondria: Potential role of nutritional components to improve critical illness convalescence
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jul/12/charcuterie-link-colon-cancer-confirmed-french-authorities
- Physical activity, diet quality and all-cause cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: a prospective study of 346 627 UK Biobank participants
- Resistance training to momentary muscular failure improves cardiovascular fitness in humans: A review of acute physiological responses and chronic physiological Adaptations
- Effects of salt substitutes on clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Xuejun Yin, et al
- https://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2022/07/21/heartjnl-2022-321332
- The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Michael Roerecke, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(17)30003-8/fulltext#%20
- Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease
- Ghada A. Soliman
- https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/780/htm
- Dietary cholesterol and egg yolks: Not for patients at risk of vascular disease
- J David Spence, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2989358/
- Timing of daily calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity
- Leonie C. Ruddick-Collins
- https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(22)00344-8
- Effects of short-term, medium-term and long-term resistance exercise training on cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults: systematic review with meta-analysis
- Ruth E Ashton, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/6/341
- The impact of coffee subtypes on incident cardiovascular disease, arrhythmias, and mortality: long-term outcomes from the UK Biobank
- Independent and joint associations of weightlifting and aerobic activity with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
- Jessica Gorzelitz, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2022/08/08/bjsports-2021-105315.long
- The British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences (BASES) Expert Statement on optimising protein intake recommendations for skeletal muscle mass in older adults to support healthy ageing
- Tom Maden-Wilkinson, et al
- https://www.bases.org.uk/imgs/9345_bas_bases_tses_summer_2022_online_pg_8_9609.pdf
- Glycemic Control and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Persons With and Without Diabetes. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
- Elizabeth Selvin, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/486690
- Using Machines or Free Weights for Resistance Training in Novice Males? A Randomized Parallel Trial
- Dirk Aerenhouts, et al
- https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/21/7848/htm
- Association Between the LZTFL1 rs11385942 Polymorphism and COVID-19 Severity in Colombian Population
- Mariana Angulo-Aguado, et al
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2022.910098/full
- Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection
- Alexander J. Mentzer, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02078-6
- Vitamin D Deficiency Increases Mortality Risk in the UK Biobank
- Joshua P. Sutherland, et al
- https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M21-3324
- Higher Arm Versus Lower Arm Systolic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From the INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration
- Christopher E. Clark, et al
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18921
- Physical activity volume, intensity, and incident cardiovascular disease
- Paddy C Dempsey, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac613/6770665
- The Removal of Airborne Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Other Microbial Bioaerosols by Air Filtration on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Surge Units
- Andrew Conway Morris, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/75/1/e97/6414657
- A common allele of HLA mediates asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Danillo G. Augusto, et al
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.13.21257065v3.full
- Cardiovascular Risk of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: An Under-Recognized Public Health Issue
- Associations between height and blood pressure in the United States population
- Only virgin type of olive oil consumption reduces the risk of mortality. Results from a Mediterranean population-based cohort
- Carolina Donat-Vargas, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-022-01221-3
- Sex Differences in Blood Pressure Trajectories Over the Life Course
- Hongwei Ji, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2758868
- The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Michael Roerecke, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(17)30003-8/fulltext
- Effects of cocoa extract and a multivitamin on cognitive function: A randomized clinical trial
- Laura D. Baker, et al
- https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/alz.12767
- Dietary Intake of Menaquinone Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: The Rotterdam Study
- Johanna M. Geleijnse, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/jn/article/134/11/3100/4688389
- Effects of Dietary Acid Load on Exercise Metabolism and Anaerobic Exercise Performance
- Susan L. Caciano, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4424466/
- The decline of COVID-19 severity and lethality over two years of pandemic
- Valentina Marziano, et al
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.01.22277137v1.full-text
- Safety of the fourth COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA (second booster) vaccine: a prospective and retrospective cohort study
- Matan Yechezkel, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(22)00407-6/fulltext#%20
- Nutritional Intake of Vitamins K1 (Phylloquinone) and K2 (Menaquinone) in The Netherlands
- L. J. Schurgers, et al
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13590849961717
- No Time to Lift? Designing Time-Efficient Training Programs for Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review
- Vegard M. Iversen, et al
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01490-1
- Cold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity
- Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection
- Ziyad Al-Aly, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01840-0
- Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
- Benjamin Bowe, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02051-3
- Efficacy and effectiveness of covid-19 vaccine - absolute vs. relative risk reduction
- Claudio Marabotti
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9115787/
- A chronological map of 308 physical and mental health conditions from 4 million individuals in the English National Health Service
- Valerie Kuan, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/article/S2589-7500(19)30012-3/fulltext#%20
- Serious adverse events of special interest following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in randomized trials in adults
- JosephFraiman, et al
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X22010283
- Risk of Myocarditis After Sequential Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine and SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Age and Sex
- Martina Patone, et al
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059970
- Changes of ECG parameters after BNT162b2 vaccine in the senior high school students
- Shuenn-Nan Chiu, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9813456/
- COVID-19 vaccine induced myocarditis in young males: A systematic review
- Benjamin Knudsen, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/eci.13947
- Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants
- David JA Jenkins, et al
- https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/81/2/380/4607446?login=false
- Duration of effectiveness of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease: results of a systematic review and meta-regression
- Daniel R Feikin, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(22)00152-0/fulltext#%20
- A potent physiological method to magnify and sustain soleus oxidative metabolism improves glucose and lipid regulation
- Marc T. Hamilton, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9404652/
- Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19
- Yan Xie, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01689-3
- Clinical Targets for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data Interpretation: Recommendations From the International Consensus on Time in Range
- Exercise Training Is Associated With Treatment Response in Liver Fat Content by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Independent of Clinically Significant Body Weight Loss in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Effectiveness of physical activity interventions for improving depression, anxiety and distress: an overview of systematic reviews
- 24-Hour Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Cardiovascular Risk
- Yuan Ma, et al
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2109794
- The effect of a dietary supplement of potassium chloride or potassium citrate on blood pressure in predominantly normotensive volunteers
- Low sodium salt substitutes: a tool for sodium reduction and cardiovascular health
- Development and validation of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study
- Julia Hippisley-Cox, et al
- https://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j2099
- Effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on inflammation, endothelial function and ambulatory blood pressure in middle-aged hypertensive patients
- Endurance exercise beneficially affects ambulatory blood pressure a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Cornelissen, Véronique A, et al
- https://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/Abstract/2013/04000/Endurance_exercise_beneficially_affects_ambulatory.2.aspx
- Strength training for arterial hypertension treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
- Rafael Ribeiro Correia, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26583-3
- Genetic analysis of over 1 million people identifies 535 new loci associated with blood pressure traits
- Evangelos Evangelou, et al
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0205-x
- A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control
- The SPRINT Research Group
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1511939
- Relation of body fat mass and fat-free mass to total mortality: results from 7 prospective cohort studies
- Anja M Sedlmeier, et al
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000291652200627X?via%3Dihub
- Accelerometer-Derived “Weekend Warrior” Physical Activity and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
- Shaan Khurshid, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2807286
- Exercise training and resting blood pressure: a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
- Jamie J Edwards, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2023/07/02/bjsports-2022-106503
- Reductions in systolic blood pressure achieved by hypertensives with three isometric training sessions per week are maintained with a single session per week
- Daniel D Cohen, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jch.14621
- Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies
- Silvia Di Federico, et al
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21224
- Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness in youth and the incidence of site-specific cancer in men: a cohort study with register linkage
- Aron Onerup, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2023/08/17/bjsports-2022-106617
- Combined Impact of Health Behaviours and Mortality in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study
- Physical activity and risk of infection, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a systematic review and non-linear dose–response meta-analysis of data from 1 853 610 adults
- Yasmin Ezzatvar, et al
- https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/56/20/1188
- Sex-specific risks for cardiovascular disease across the glycaemic spectrum: a population-based cohort study using the UK Biobank
- Christopher T. Rentsch, et al
- https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7762(23)00112-6/fulltext#
- Effect of Statins on All-Cause Mortality in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Propensity Score-Matched Studies
- Marcin M. Nowak, et al
- https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/19/5643#
- 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
- Paul K. Whelton, et al
- https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065
- Mendelian randomization
- Eleanor Sanderson, et al
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7614635/
- Blood biomarker profiles and exceptional longevity: comparison of centenarians and non-centenarians in a 35-year follow-up of the Swedish AMORIS cohort
- Shunsuke Murata, et al
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-023-00936-w
- Exercise Dose and Quality of Life. A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Corby K. Martin, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/414776
- 1-year weight change after diabetes diagnosis and long-term incidence and sustainability of remission of type 2 diabetes in real-world settings in Hong Kong: An observational cohort study
- Heart-Rate Recovery Immediately after Exercise as a Predictor of Mortality
- Christopher R. Cole, et al
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199910283411804
- Dietary strategies for remission of type 2 diabetes: A narrative review
- Adrian Brown, et al
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jhn.12938
Fatfit references
- Thinness and weight loss: beneficial or detrimental to longevity?
- Fitness versus Fatness: Which Influences Health and Mortality Risk the Most?
- Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2018
- Jiang-Shui Wang, et al
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2802164
Fat burning references
- Examining Variations of Resting Metabolic Rate of Adults: A Public Health Perspective
- Robert G. McMurray, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4535334/
- Eating and the Energy Pathways for Exercise
- Fat burning zone - Why athletes, fitness enthusiasts and slimmers should steer clear of the fat burning zone
- Fat Burning: using body fat instead of carbohydrates as fuel
- Carbohydrate and fat utilization during rest and physical activity
- Contextualising Maximal Fat Oxidation During Exercise: Determinants and Normative Values
- Ed Maunder, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5974542/#
- Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation
- Troy Purdom, et al.
- https://jissn.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12970-018-0207-1#Decs
- Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: a cross-sectional study
- Michelle C. Venables, et al.
- https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00662.2003
- Metabolic characteristics of keto-adapted ultra-endurance runners
- The Respiratory Exchange Ratio is Associated with Fitness Indicators Both in Trained and Untrained Men: A Possible Application for People with Reduced Exercise Tolerance
- Arnulfo Ramos-Jiménez, et al.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990231/
- Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise
- Lipid Metabolism Links Nutrient-Exercise Timing to Insulin Sensitivity in Men Classified as Overweight or Obese
- Robert M Edinburgh, et al.
- https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/105/3/660/5599745
- Exercising in the Fasted State Reduced 24-Hour Energy Intake in Active Male Adults
- Jessica L. Bachman, et al.
- https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnme/2016/1984198/
***** End of Page ***** Adverts by Google follow below. Adverts partially fund this non profit site (and Google as well too). *****